Proud Monster: Sketches

Monster Roots

Monster Analogies

tion. Over the centuries, it has become reified in that analogical reasoning has sometimes been regarded as a fundamental cognitive process. In addition, it has become identified with a particular expressive format. The limitations of the modern view are illustrated by monster analogies, which show that analogy need not be regarded as something having a single form, format, or semantics. Analog...

Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis: PROUD and pragmatism

About 20 years ago, very shortly after antiretroviral drugs were fi rst shown to inhibit HIV replication and improve clinical outcomes, studies of animals showed that preexposure and post-exposure antiretroviral treatment could protect against retroviral challenges. The fi rst use of antiviral drugs for chemoprophylaxis in human beings was that of zidovudine in HIV-infected pregnant women to pr...

Sketches for Design and Design of Sketches

Design consists of generating ideas and adapting them to users. Cognitive research can give insights into each of these processes. Here, we describe two projects involving sketches. Sketches are cognitive tools; they have many uses, among them: to promote inferences and new ideas; to organize and convey information. For the former, ambiguity is productive; for the latter, clarity is necessary. ...

The “monster” Study

The diagnosogenic (semantogenic) theory for the onset of stuttering was initially proposed by Wendell Johnson in the early 1940s. It suggested that calling attention to a child’s normal hesitations (repetitions) could precipitate stuttering (Bloodstein, 1987). Some of the evidence that Johnson used to support this theory (e.g., certain tribes of American Indians, in which there appeared to be n...